Category: Ask Our Experts

These coarse grains are growing popular for their rich essential nutrients, says Dr Gudaghe Hrishikesh B.

Pets play a significant role in our lives, providing companionship and joy, so ensuring they have a balanced and nutritious diet is crucial for their health and well-being. In India, homemade dog diets mostly include these cereals, making up about 30-60% of their diet, which creates competition between humans and dogs for these food sources. Traditional dog foods often rely on cereals like rice and wheat, but there is growing interest in alternative ingredients that offer similar nutritional benefits.

Seeing this scenario, millets are gaining attention as a nutritious and affordable option that can replace common cereals in dog food. These small-seeded grains, including pearl millet and finger millet, are rich in essential nutrients and serve as a valuable energy source. Incorporating millets into dog diets can enhance animal health and performance while reducing competition for traditional cereals.

About Millets

India is the world’s largest producer of millet, contributing about 19% of global production. In 2022, India produced 17.60 million metric tons (Mn MT) of millets, including 4.40 Mn MT of sorghum and 13.20 Mn MT of other types. Indian millets are divided into two groups: major millets (sorghum, pearl millet and finger millet) and minor millets (little millet, kodo, foxtail millet and barnyard millet). Of the total millets produced, 88% were used for food, seed, and industrial purposes, while 12% were used as animal feed.

Millets are a great source of essential nutrients like amino acids, minerals, and trace elements. They are comparable to or even better than common cereal grains like rice and wheat in terms of protein, carbohydrates, and minerals. On average, millets provide 14% protein, 5% fat, 3-4% fibre and 74% carbohydrates. Millets such as finger millet and pearl millet provide superior energy and are rich in vitamins B1, B2, and B3. They also have a superior mineral profile, containing high levels of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and iron. Additionally, finger millet is known for its high-quality protein due to its excellent amino acid profile.

Benefits in dog food

In dog foods millets are a nutritious option for dog food and can help prevent certain food allergies linked to cereal proteins like those in wheat. Millet proteins contain beneficial peptides with antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.

They are also suitable for diabetic dogs due to their low levels of soluble carbohydrates and high fibre content, which is digested slowly. Studies have shown that finger millet can help lower blood glucose and bad cholesterol levels while increasing good cholesterol.

Some scientific studies found that replacing common cereals with millets in the diets of dogs and other monogastric animals didn’t significantly change nutrient digestion or utilization. However, adding specific enzymes did improve their performance.

For adult dogs on plant-based diets, adding enzymes helped with nutrient intake and digestion, reduced waste, and increased beneficial compounds without affecting their food preference. In other monogastric animals, replacing yellow maize with pearl millet, with or without added enzymes, improved immune health and reduced cholesterol, but did not significantly impact weight gain or feed efficiency. Overall, processing millets and using the right additives can enhance their benefits and effectiveness in dog diets.

Conclusion

Adding millets to dog food can make diets more affordable and help prevent some allergies caused by cereal proteins. However, high fibre and certain natural compounds in millets can limit its use. Using processing methods like milling, soaking and cooking can reduce these issues and make the food more digestible, keeping your companion happy. (The author Dr Gudaghe Hrishikesh B. is M.V Sc, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP)

Merits of millets

High fibre content: Millets are rich in fibre, which can help support healthy digestion and bowel movements in dogs.

 Gluten-free: Millets are gluten-free, making them a great option for dogs with gluten intolerance or sensitivity.

 Protein-rich: Millets contain protein, which is essential for maintaining muscle mass and overall health in dogs.

Low glycemic index: Millets have a low glycaemic index, which means they won’t cause a sudden spike in blood sugar levels.

Rich in antioxidants: Millets contain antioxidants, which can help protect against oxidative stress and inflammation in dogs.

Inclusion in diet

1. Mix millet flour with their regular food

2. Add cooked millets to their meals

3. Use millet-based dog food or treats

Understanding how to address the issue and when to seek veterinary help is crucial, say M. G. Jayathangaraj, Prem Kumar, Saranya Paidi,Sebastin Raju and R.K. Swain.

Dogs usually have a healthy appetite. However, it becomes quite challenging to feed them when they become ill, as they have reduced appetite and upset stomachs and might not eat the food they usually like. Feeding a sick dog, especially the pet dog with a decreased appetite with or without vomiting can be a really stressful event to any pet owner. To deal with key symptoms like vomiting, one may ask the vet about an over-the-counter stomach and diarrhea related feeding. But, it is a bland diet which can help address some of these symptoms while also giving the affected dogs the nutrition they need to recover.

Vomiting is caused by multiple etiological factors, as quoted below:

a)- Ingestion of irritating substances (i.e., garbage or chocolate)

b)- Toxins or poisons / Pancreatitis

c)- Kidney failure / Liver failure

d)- Diet change / Intestinal parasites

e)- Viral infection / Medication reaction

f)- Bloat / Bacterial infection

g)- Heatstroke /Allergy

What to do with dogs with vomiting, for feeding?

a)- One (or) two times of vomiting can be ignored.

b)- Sometimes, dogs may consume some grass materials and vomit; this need not be given more clinical value and one can ignore this too.

c)- If your pet dog is vomiting and unable to keep food down, you can try missing one meal, although still allow access to water. Then, offer small amounts of a white meat diet such as boiled chicken or boiled fish, with white rice.

d)- Pet dogs will frequently vomit, especially after they overeat. It’s best to feed your furry friends soft dry dog food after they have had an upset stomach.

e)- Avoid spices added to food as well as irritant foods to canines with vomiting-incidences.

f)- If your pup was on a special diet because of stomach upset, you could consider adding a probiotic supplement to their meals.

g)- Cooked white rice is lower in nutritional value than brown rice, but it’s blandness makes it more suitable for upset stomachs.

h)- For a vomiting dog, one should avoid feeding of oils, butter, and added seasonings due to the reason that these things often can irritate the stomach of your pet dog’s stomach, to a great extent and thus can make the problem even worse.

i)- It appears better to stick with the provision of plain boiled chicken and rice. It becomes significant to make sure that the chicken is cooked thoroughly and cut (or) shred it into small, bite-sized pieces for the pet dog, since enthusiastic dogs might get choked on this new or unexpected food.

j)- As quoted in American Kennel Club note, shredded chicken is easy on upset stomachs and acts as a huge eating incentive for dogs with decreased appetites.

k)- It is noteworthy to quote that the plain, unseasoned, boiled, shredded chicken gets easily digested, without much problems and additionally, it has essential vitamins, minerals, fats, and amino acids, thus making it a great snack for dogs that get gastric upsets, in terms of vomiting.

l)- The cooked chicken shall be kept in the fridge for three to four days (or) one can freeze it for two to six months.

m)- Baby food, especially stage II meat based baby foods like chicken / lamb / turkey etc. is very easy to swallow and digest and is a great way to give oral medications but better to avoid any food with more onions.

n)- When the dog becomes nauseous, the dog may not feel like eating at all. However, making the dog drink by frequently taking the affected dog to the watering place (or) waterer and thereby keeping the dog to stay hydrated is crucial, especially if you have been vomiting or have a fever. Water is always a good source of hydration.

0)- Make the animal eat little food but frequently for provision of energy as well as hydration.

p)- Avoid Fried foods, full-fat dairy items and spicy foods If there is continuous vomiting coupled with increased dullness in the pet dog, the veterinarian needs to be consulted in order to prevent the severe pathologic changes in the body of your pet dog due to the intense vomiting.

q)- If possible, make the dog eat the dry foods, such as toast, dry cereals, (or) bread sticks, every few hours during the day. They provide nutrients and help settle the stomach of the pet animals.

r)- One should differentiate vomiting (an active process) from regurgitation (a passive process), since the causes for these vary, in general.

s)- Egg white shall be given intermittently (2-3 times / day) which may help soothe the inflammation of the esophagus / gastric tract of the dog with a history of vomiting.

t)- For emergency-based oral rehydration, 6 parts of sugar and half part of salt in water (to dissolve them) shall be given, intermittently.

u)- Fluid therapy in the patient with vomiting and diarrhea is essential to correct hypovolemia, dehydration, acidbase imbalance, and serum electrolyte abnormalities.

v)- Consult a veterinarian if your dog has continuous vomiting, vomiting with concurrent fever, extreme dullness and chronic vomiting, bloody vomiting.

About the authors:
M.G.Jayathangaraj is Professor, Veterinary Clinical Complex, Centurion University of Technology and Management (CUTM), School of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Paralakhemundi, Odisha mgjayathangaraj@gmail.com Prem Kumar, Saranya Paidi, Sebastin Raju are Faculty members, SOVAS, CUTM and R. K. Swain is Dean, SOVAS, CUTM.

While some dogs show no symptoms, others may experience malabsorption, foul-smelling feces, and weight loss says Yung-Tsun Lo D.V.M, Ph.Dfrom Bioguard Corporation.

Giardiasis is a common parasitic infection in dogs, caused by the intestinal parasite Giardia. Puppies, young dogs, and those with weakened immune systems are particularly susceptible. While some dogs show no symptoms, others may experience malabsorption, foul-smelling feces, chronic diarrhea, and weight loss. The infection can be difficult to eliminate due to the risk of reinfection, requiring antiparasitic treatment and thorough environmental cleaning. Adult dogs may carry the parasite without symptoms, shedding cysts and unknowingly spreading the infection.

Transmission

Infected dogs shed cysts in their feces, which can immediately infect other animals. The cycle from ingestion to shedding in feces takes 5 to 12 days in dogs. Giardiasis is common in crowded environments like kennels or shelters due to high levels of fecal contamination. While cysts found in healthy adult dogs may be insignificant, they are more concerning in vulnerable dogs. Controlling environmental contamination is challenging because the cysts are robust and infectious immediately upon shedding in contaminated soil, food and water.

Clinical signs

Dogs with giardiasis can show a range of symptoms, from no signs at all to severe illness. Some dogs remain asymptomatic with normal appetite and energy levels, while others develop acute, intermittent, or chronic diarrhea. The parasite damages the intestinal lining, leading to malabsorptive diarrhea, often with mucus, a foul odor, and sometimes a greenish tinge or blood. Other symptoms may include abdominal discomfort, lethargy, decreased appetite, weight loss, and vomiting. While most dogs don’t have a fever, they may be less active. The disease can persist for weeks, with younger or immunocompromised dogs more likely to show symptoms. Many dogs remain asymptomatic carriers without developing illness.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing giardiasis in dogs can be challenging because Giardia cysts are not consistently present in the stool. Standard fecal flotation tests may not always detect these cysts, so a special zinc sulfate solution is often used. Additionally, parasites can be identified through a direct smear of the feces. If giardiasis is suspected, stool samples can be tested for Giardia-specific antigens using methods like direct smears, centrifugal fecal flotation, or antigen detection tests, including rapid tests. PCR detection of Giardia in feces is also becoming more common. It may be necessary to conduct multiple tests over several days to confirm the infection.

Treatment

The goal of treatment of giardia in dogs is to resolve an affected dog’s diarrhea and abdominal discomfort. The primary drugs used to treat giardiasis in dogs are fenbendazole and metronidazole, typically administered for three to ten days. In cases of refractory diarrhea, both drugs may be used in combination. Supportive treatments, such as fluid therapy for dehydration may also be necessary. Follow-up testing is recommended two to four weeks after treatment. To prevent reinfection, promptly remove and dispose of feces, bathe the dog regularly to eliminate cysts from the coat, and disinfect bedding and resting areas.

Prognosis

With proper treatment, most dogs recover fully from giardiasis. However, debilitated, geriatric dogs or those with compromised immune systems are at a higher risk for complications, including potentially fatal outcomes. It’s important to re-test all pets diagnosed with Giardia two to four weeks after completing treatment. Dogs can become reinfected if their environment is not adequately managed. Additionally, refractory infections may occur if the Giardia is resistant to the medication or if the treatment was not properly dosed.

Prevention

Preventing and controlling giardiasis is challenging due to the persistence of cysts in the environment and on a dog’s coat. To reduce the risk of reinfection or transmission, bathe dogs to remove cysts, dispose of faces daily, and clean surfaces with boiling water or chlorine bleach at a 1:32. Since Giardia cysts are susceptible to drying, keep the environment as dry as possible. Thoroughly clean and dry the pet’s living areas before reintroducing them. 

Urinary, bladder and kidney stones are common issues in dogs, says Jotvinder Singh (Jojo)

Why do stones form?

Processed food is a major cause and a major reason why urinary crystals and stones form. Most people agree that genetics and diet play a role (hormones and regulators) or external (diet, water, stress, exercise to name a few). High mineral content and mineral ratio disproportions such as calcium, magnesium and phosphorus are conventionally thought to be the most common reasons for urinary stone formation. However, while many studies state this, no one seems to know exactly why ‘pierres’ form in the bladder or kidneys of some dogs and not in others.

Bladder stone diversity

There are two common crystal and stone categories:

Triple phosphate (struvite) that is formed mainly in urine that is alkaline and dissolves in acidic urine.

Calcium oxalate, with spiky hedgehog like crystals and stones that are more likely to appear in acidic urine but can also be present in urine of any pH. These crystals are much more nasty because they are hard to dissolve when they form and they usually need to be removed either surgically or crushed and blasted endoscopically. The sharp calcium oxalate spikes can cause excruciating pain and are much more difficult to treat than to prevent. Some other less common types of crystals are cystein, ammonium urate and silica crystals.

Beware of misdiagnosis

While diagnosis of urinary stones and crystals is usually relatively simple, there is usually a frequent error. If your dog’s urine sample is concentrated and it sits in the collection jar under cool temperatures, crystals may form after the collection the same way salty water forms crystals in the chemistry lab. This results in relatively common misdiagnosis.

If you suspect that this is the case, just collect another sample and have it examined right away at the in-house clinic lab. It is a good idea to give your dog some water before collection to make the urine more dilute to prevent post collection crystal formation.

What to do if you find crystals?

If your dog is suffering from crystals or has been diagnosed with ‘pierres’ in the bladder or kidneys, you have most likely been given special processed food, told to add more water or have been given medicine to adjust your dog’s urine pH.

Perhaps your dog is just recovering from a kidney or bladder surgery and you are worried that the nasty ‘pierres’ will come back. Maybe you have already seen the same problem reoccur or you are worried about the undesirable effects of repeated surgery. Food that is heavily processed, sits on the shelves for months or years before it is sold and/or contains ingredients similar to these listed below is a concern.

Brewers Rice, Chicken By-Product Meal, Pork Fat (preserved with mixed tocopherols and citric acid), Corn Gluten Meal, Dried Egg Product, Calcium Sulfate, Lactic Acid, Chicken Liver Flavor, Stones are actually caused by the dog’s diet of processed food.

Treatment is 4 simple though

1. Cleansing the body

2. Providing the right food and essential mineral and amino acid supplement, high quality omega oils and full spectrum organic multi vitamin.

3. Rebalancing the patient’s energy through a variety of holistic techniques such as homeopathy, herbs, chiropractic’s, physiotherapy, osteopathy and massage to name a few.

Why supplement minerals help in cases of urinary stones or crystals?

Conventional opinions suggest that urinary crystals are caused mainly by genetics and excess and imbalance of minerals in food, processed food as the main cause. Provision of complete, plant based natural minerals can in many cases prevent crystals.

While science has made incredible progress in understanding metabolic cycles and processes, the microcosm of the body is still not fully understood. It could be compared to someone trying to really grasp the nature of the universe.

However, we know that the body works best with the fuel (food) that it was built for. Lack of minerals, amino-acids and other nutrients can throw many metabolic pathways off balance which may cause crystals to form. It makes sense that minerals, amino acids and other nutrients are absolutely essential for your dog to have efficient metabolism. This is the cornerstone of urinary crystal and stone prevention.

Dietary recommendations

If you are really looking to reduce the chance of finding “pierres” in your dog’s kidney’s or bladder you need to follow the following steps:

1. Stop feeding any processed food: It is not what nature intended for your dog. We do not put diesel fuel in your gasoline car either and the right fuel for your dog is essential for success.
2. Start feeding species appropriate ideally raw or cooked food, including raw bones and      some vegetables to ensure that all nutrients are represented in the most natural and wholesome form.
3. Provide the body with all natural plant based minerals and amino acid sources.

The reason for the above recommendations is simple. Processed and denatured food is a major cause of many health problems in animals and people and in urinary stones on dogs fed natural non-processed food are very rare.

General supplement recommendations You may be still wondering why I recommend supplementing minerals to dogs that are on raw food.

Our soils and agricultural land have been overburdened with an increasing need for more food which is transported over long distances. Minerals and nutrients are not being replenished to the fields and this results in mineral and nutrient depleted food chains no matter how natural your dog’s food is. As animals and people age, mineral deficiency is a common yet often undetected cause of disease. The body’s metabolic cycles cannot run properly without the essential minerals, amino acids, omega oils and wholesome vitamins. Some may not be produced by the body but are essential for efficient smooth metabolism including that of the urinary system.

A few more points about diet and water

Dogs do better on meat of animals that are medium or small sized. Bison, buffalo and beef have never been the main source of food for dogs. These meats have a higher content of inflammatory factors such as arachidonic acid which seem to increase the chances of bladder issues and stones. Feeding raw bones is safe. Never feed cooked bones.

Your dog is worth it

I know it sometimes takes guts to be different and to go against what you have been told over and over. This would not be the first time in the medical history that we need to change the way we see problems. If the information above here makes sense to you, try it. You have nothing to lose and lots to gain.

About the author: Jotvinder Singh, lovingly called Jojo is the founder of Woof Yums, a fresh food catering and delivery service for dogs and first of its kind service which caters to the unique needs of every dog customer. He has been bestowed with Skill India Business Award 2023, Haryana Garima Award 2023. He has featured on several talk shows including All India Radio and Federation of Indian Animal Protection Organisations (FIAPO).

Traveling to high-altitude locations with your dog can be an enriching experience for both of you, providing opportunities for adventure and bonding in stunning natural landscapes. However, just as altitude can affect humans, it can also impact dogs, and preparation is key to ensuring your dog’s safety and comfort during such trips. Here’s how to navigate high altitudes with your canine companion while prioritizing their well-being.

1. Start with a Slow and Safe Ascent

When it comes to adjusting to high altitudes, slower is always better. The main challenge for both humans and dogs at high elevations is the reduced oxygen levels. To avoid altitude sickness, which can cause symptoms like shortness of breath, fatigue, nausea, and disorientation, a gradual ascent is critical. Take it slow, especially if your dog isn’t used to hiking or exploring mountainous regions. Ascend no more than 1,000 feet per day if possible, and give your dog plenty of time to acclimatize.

Smaller, more frequent stops during the hike will help your dog’s body adapt to the changing environment. This is especially important if your dog is a flat-faced breed (brachycephalic), like Bulldogs or Pugs, which are more prone to breathing difficulties due to their physiology.

2. Watch for Signs of Altitude Sickness in Dogs

Dogs can experience altitude sickness, much like humans. Be on the lookout for signs such as rapid breathing, excessive panting, vomiting, lethargy, or weakness. These symptoms indicate that your dog might be struggling with the altitude and needs immediate attention. Keep an eye on their behaviour, and if you notice any abnormalities, it’s important to descend to a lower altitude quickly.

Make sure to schedule visits to the vet prior to your trip to discuss your dog’s health and ensure they are fit for the adventure. Some breeds or dogs with underlying health conditions may not cope well with high altitudes, and your vet can advise on what precautions to take.

3. Ensure Proper Hydration and Nutrition

At higher altitudes, the air is drier, meaning both you and your dog will lose water more quickly than at sea level. Dehydration can worsen altitude sickness symptoms, so make sure your dog has access to clean water throughout your journey. Carry portable water bowls and stop for water breaks frequently. It’s also a good idea to bring high-energy snacks or food for your dog to keep their energy levels up, especially if they are hiking alongside you.

4. Take Frequent Breaks

Allowing plenty of breaks during your ascent is crucial for your dog. Not only does it give them time to rest and recuperate, but it also prevents overexertion, which can be dangerous at higher altitudes. Dogs can’t always tell you when they’re tired, so it’s up to you to monitor their energy levels and give them regular rests. If your dog appears tired, give them extra time to rest and breathe. It’s better to take your time than to rush, ensuring both you and your dog can safely enjoy the experience.

5. Protect Your Dog from Harsh Weather Conditions

High altitudes are often associated with extreme weather conditions, such as strong winds, cold temperatures, and intense sunlight. Bring appropriate gear for your dog, such as dog-friendly jackets or boots to protect their paws from rough terrain or snow. The sun’s rays can be stronger at high elevations, so consider using pet-safe sunscreen on areas with little fur, like their nose and ears.

6. Know When to Turn Back

One of the most important things you can do when navigating high altitudes with your dog is to know when to turn back. If your dog shows signs of altitude sickness or exhaustion, it’s better to prioritize their health and safety over completing the hike. Always err on the side of caution, and remember that there’s no harm in shortening your trip if it means keeping your dog safe. Navigating high altitudes with your dog can be a rewarding experience if done properly. By ascending slowly, watching for signs of altitude sickness, ensuring proper hydration, taking frequent breaks, and being prepared for weather changes, you can make the adventure safe and enjoyable for both you and your furry friend. With the right preparation, the mountains can be a place of beautiful shared memories, rather than potential hazards.

Giardia is a common parasitic infection that can affect both humans and animals, particularly dogs. This microscopic parasite lives in the intestines and can cause gastrointestinal issues, often leading to severe discomfort for the dog. While Giardia is treatable, early diagnosis and proper care are essential to avoid long-term health issues. In this blog, we will explore what Giardia is, its symptoms, causes, and the available treatments for dogs.

What is Giardia?

Giardia is a protozoan parasite that inhabits the intestines of infected dogs, leading to a disease known as giardiasis. Dogs typically contract the parasite by ingesting Giardia cysts found in contaminated water, soil, or feces. The disease can affect dogs of all ages, but puppies, older dogs, and dogs with weakened immune systems are more susceptible.

The parasite thrives in moist, cool environments, making areas with stagnant water, puddles, and unsanitary conditions hotspots for Giardia contamination.

Symptoms of Giardia in Dogs

One of the challenges of giardiasis is that its symptoms can be vague or mimic other gastrointestinal conditions. Some dogs may be asymptomatic carriers, spreading the parasite without showing any signs of illness. However, in most cases, symptoms include:

• Diarrhea: This is the most common sign of giardiasis, often accompanied by a foul odor or mucus in the stool.
• Weight loss: Chronic diarrhea may lead to unintentional weight loss.
• Vomiting: Although less common, some dogs may experience nausea or vomiting.
• Lethargy: Infected dogs may seem less active or more fatigued than usual.
• Dehydration: Persistent diarrhea can lead to dehydration, especially in puppies or senior dogs.

If your dog shows any of these symptoms, it’s crucial to visit the veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and treatment.

How is Giardia Diagnosed?

Diagnosing Giardia can be tricky since the cysts are shed intermittently and may not always appear in every stool sample. A veterinarian may require multiple fecal samples to confirm the presence of Giardia. A fecal flotation test or an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) may be used to detect the parasite.

Causes and Transmission of Giardia

Giardia is primarily transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated water or food. Dogs can become infected by:

• Drinking water from contaminated sources, such as ponds, rivers, or puddles.
• Licking contaminated surfaces or objects.
• Ingesting fecal matter from other infected animals.

Dog parks, boarding facilities, or any environment where animals gather can increase the risk of transmission.

Treatment for Giardia

Fortunately, Giardia is treatable. The standard treatment involves a course of medication such as metronidazole or fenbendazole, which are effective in eliminating the parasite. The treatment duration may vary, depending on the severity of the infection and the dog’s overall health.

In addition to medication, it’s essential to:

• Maintain hygiene: Regularly clean your dog’s bedding, bowls, and toys to prevent reinfection.
• Provide clean water: Ensure your dog drinks fresh, uncontaminated water, especially if you live in an area where Giardia is common.
• Follow up with your vet: Recheck stool samples after treatment to confirm the Giardia is gone.

Preventing Giardia in Dogs

While it can be difficult to completely prevent Giardia, especially if your dog is an outdoor adventurer, there are steps you can take to reduce the risk:

• Avoid allowing your dog to drink from stagnant water sources.
• Practice good hygiene by picking up your dog’s waste promptly.
• Regularly bathe your dog, especially after visits to areas that may harbor the parasite.

Giardia in dogs is a manageable condition with early diagnosis and treatment. Keeping a close eye on your dog’s behaviour and taking preventative measures will go a long way in safeguarding their health. If you suspect your dog has Giardia, consult your veterinarian for appropriate testing and care.

As the season’s transition and winter approaches, dog owners must take extra care to ensure their pets are healthy and comfortable. Pre-winter conditions can be tricky as the days start getting colder but aren’t yet freezing, which may lead to common health issues in dogs. Here’s how you can take precautionary measures to protect your furry friend during this period.

1. Watch for Temperature Drops

Even though it’s not full winter yet, temperatures can drop significantly during pre-winter mornings and nights. Smaller breeds, senior dogs, and short-haired breeds are particularly sensitive to cold. Ensure your dog has a warm and cozy place to sleep indoors. Investing in a dog sweater or jacket during walks can also help prevent them from getting too cold.

2. Maintain Hydration and Balanced Diet

As the weather cools down, dogs might not drink as much water as they do during summer, which can lead to dehydration. Encourage your dog to stay hydrated by providing fresh water and perhaps wet food. Additionally, consult with your vet to adjust their diet to suit the cooler weather. Your dog might need extra calories to maintain body heat during outdoor activities, so feed them nutrient-rich food.

3. Ensure Adequate Exercise

It can be tempting to reduce outdoor time as it gets colder, but your dog still needs physical exercise to stay healthy. However, balance is key. If it’s too chilly outside, consider shorter walks but more frequent ones, or engage in indoor activities like fetch or interactive toys to keep your dog active.

4. Regular Grooming and Skin Care

Dry and cold air in pre-winter can lead to flaky skin and a dull coat in dogs. Regular grooming, including brushing, helps maintain their coat’s natural oils and keep their skin healthy. You can also use vet-approved moisturizing shampoos or conditioners to keep your dog’s skin from drying out. Avoid bathing too often as it can strip their coat of essential oils, leading to more dryness.

5. Check for Pests

Pre-winter is the time when fleas and ticks become more aggressive, looking for warmth. Make sure your dog is protected with flea and tick treatments. Regularly inspect their coat and skin, especially after outdoor play, to ensure no pests are hitching a ride. This can prevent serious health issues like Lyme disease or flea-borne infections.

6. Boost Immunity

Consult with your vet about any pre-winter vaccinations or supplements to help boost your dog’s immune system. Cooler weather can make dogs more susceptible to respiratory infections like kennel cough, so it’s essential to ensure they are up to date with vaccinations and that their immune system is strong.

7. Prepare for Sudden Weather Changes

Pre-winter is known for unpredictable weather. A sudden cold snap, rain, or wind can catch you and your dog off guard. Always check the weather before heading out for walks, and keep rain gear, extra layers, and a towel handy to dry your dog after outdoor play. Pre-winter brings specific challenges to maintaining your dog’s health, but with these precautions, you can keep your pet happy and safe. From ensuring they stay warm and hydrated to keeping up with grooming and vet visits, being proactive can help your dog transition smoothly into the winter months.

• There is an increasing awareness of the importance of breed-specific diets.
• There are certain breeds that are more prone to obesity.
• Small breeds have unique dental needs because of smaller mouths.

When it comes to pet care, ensuring they get a nutritional diet is absolutely essential for their long and healthy lives. While general advice on pet diet is common, there is an increasing awareness of the importance of breed-specific diets. These specialized diets are crafted to address their unique needs, acknowledging that dogs are not one-size-fits-all when it comes to proper nutrition. By tailoring diets to specific breeds, pet owners can offer better health, prevent illness and enhance overall well-being.

1. Large breeds

Large dogs like Labradors, Great Danes and Rottweilers need customized nutrition to support their joint health and mobility. They need diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids, glucosamine, and chondroitin that help in reducing inflammation and support cartilage. For puppies in this category, balanced calcium and phosphorus are essential to ensure smooth growth and prevent the risk of joint stress.

2. Small breeds

Small dogs like Pomeranians, Yorkshire Terriers and Miniature Schnauzers usually have a faster rate of metabolism and energy levels as compared to larger dogs. Their small stomachs demand nutrient rich food that offers important vitamins, minerals and energy in smaller portions. Their unique dental needs arise because of their smaller mouths which also make them prone to plaque and tooth decay. Choosing kibble tailored for small breeds can curb the chances of tartar accumulation and improve oral health.

3. Breed that are at higher risk for obesity

There are certain dog breeds like Bulldogs, Beagles, and Pugs that are more prone to obesity. For such breeds, it is imperative to have a calorie-controlled and high-fiber diet that can keep them full and maintain a healthy weight. The diet should offer essential nutrients and manage the weight. It is important to reduce the risk of obesity-related problems like diabetes, heart disease and joint strain. Regular exercising and controlled portion size can help in maintaining an ideal weight.

4. Breeds with special coat and skin requirements

Siberian Huskies, Poodles, and Shih Tzus require specific care for their coats and skin. Diets that are rich in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, vitamins A and E are essential for keeping their fur healthy and glossy as well as preventing dryness and shedding. For breeds that are prone to skin allergies and sensitivities, choose a diet that avoids common allergens and has ingredients that helps the skin.

Recognizing and catering these breed-specific diets is vital for their happiness and longevity.

When selecting the most suitable diet for your dog, the debate between raw and freeze-dried food options frequently comes up. Each option offers distinct benefits and fulfils different roles, so understanding their features can help you make the best decision for your pet’s well-being and joy.

The raw dog food diet, referred to as BARF (biologically appropriate raw food), consists of uncooked meats, bones, organs, and occasionally unprocessed fruits and vegetables. People of raw feeding argue that it mimics the diet of dogs’, enhancing their natural health and vitality. One of the key benefits of consuming raw food is that it is filled with vital nutrients. Rich in proteins, fats, and essential vitamins, this diet can enhance your pet’s coat, skin, and overall energy. Additionally, many pet owners have observed improvements in digestion and more consistent stool quality when providing their pets with raw diets. A raw diet can be advantageous for dogs suffering from food allergies since it usually includes single-source proteins and fewer ingredients, which simplifies the process of recognizing and steering clear of allergens.

However, feeding dogs raw food presents its own challenges. Safety is a major concern since raw meat may contain dangerous bacteria such as salmonella (bacteria). Salmonella poses risks for both dogs and their owners. Maintaining proper hygiene and cleanliness is essential in minimizing these risks. Additionally, formulating a well-balanced raw diet for dogs requires careful planning and a thorough understanding of canine nutrition. Dogs may encounter health issues stemming from inadequate diets if they do not receive the appropriate nutrition. Adhering to a raw diet may incur additional expenses and require more time, as it necessitates carefully finding and preserving high-quality ingredients.

Freeze-dried dog food offers a convenient alternative to raw diets for feeding dogs. This technique involves removing moisture from raw materials through freeze-drying, which preserves the food’s nutrients and extends its shelf life. Freeze-dried pet food offers a practical solution for pet owners with busy lifestyles. It is lightweight, compact, and doesn’t require refrigeration, making it an ideal option for people with busy lifestyles. It retains many of the essential nutrients present in raw food and simplifies meal preparation by only needing rehydration prior to serving. This convenience is a significant advantage, particularly for those who find it challenging to handle and prepare raw food. Despite the benefits of freeze-dried food, it has its drawbacks as well. It is usually more expensive than traditional dry dog food and may not provide as much benefit as other varieties. Certain dogs may be particular about the texture or taste, and adding the step of rehydrating their food can make mealtime more complicated. Freeze-dried food is calorie-dense, so it may be necessary to modify portion sizes to avoid consuming too much.

Peaches come with enormous health benefits as they are rich in dietary fiber which supports gut health.

With the arrival of summer season, comes the peak of juicy and refreshing peach season. The fiber rich fruit shows up at grocery stores and roadside stands. While you are picking the fruits, you might stop to wonder if your pet can eat peaches too. The answer is yes, however, there are some important caveats. Dogs can enjoy peaches as long as you avoid giving them the pit, stem and leaves. Moderation is the key as too many peaches can cause problems for your furry companion.

Peaches come with enormous health benefits as they are a rich source of dietary fiber which supports gut health. They also offer natural antioxidants that help in fighting oxidative damage which has a link to aging. However, too much fiber from fruits can upset your dog’s stomach and lead to diarrhea. Moreover, dogs with diabetes need to watch their sugar intake. Always consult your veterinarian before introducing new foods to the dog’s diet. It is advisable to start with small portions of peach to judge how your dog reacts.

How to Share Peaches with Your Dog?

Raw Peaches

Be sure to wash peaches before sharing them with your dog in order to remove any pesticide residues. Peaches contain cyanide but the risk is minimal. Peach pits can pose a risk of intestinal obstruction, hence, in order to keep your dog safe, always remove the pit, cut the peach into small pieces.

Canned Peaches

Canned peaches can be a problem due to their extra calories and added sugar. In order to prevent canine obesity, peaches should make up to about 5-10 percent of your dog’s total daily calorie count. It is best to stick to fresh peaches to keep your pet’s diet balanced and healthy.

Grilled Peaches

Try grilling the peaches with some honey to add a twist to the flavor. They are safe for your dog’s once they have cooled down. However, if you have added more flavors like butter, offer just a small portion rather than a full serving.

Peach Yogurt or Sorbet

The only problem with processed peach products is the presence of xylitol, a sweetener that is dangerously toxic to the dogs. Just a little bit of xylitol can lead to a sudden drop in your dog’s blood sugar and even lead to severe liver damage. To create a peach treat, freeze small peach pieces and offer those to your furry dogs.

Other fruits which your dogs can enjoy are apple, banana, blueberries, cherries, cranberries, mango, orange, pineapple, strawberries, watermelon and tangerine.