Category: Ask Our Experts

Flat-faced breeds (18+ in all) such as Pugs, Bulldogs, Boxers, Frenchies and Shih Tzus may charm us with their squishy features—but their unique anatomy demands attentive, gentle, and proactive care. From breathing difficulties to heat sensitivity and dental issues, these dogs require specialized routines to thrive.

Understanding the anatomy

Here’s a diagram that illustrates the key anatomical factors behind breathing difficulties in brachycephalic dogs.

It highlights structures like the elongated soft palate, stenotic nares (narrowed nostrils), and compacted skull—all contributors to obstructed airflow.

Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you support their health and comfort:

Breathing & Airway Support

• Limit exertion: Opt for short walks and low-impact indoor play to avoid respiratory strain.
• Use a harness, not a collar: Prevent pressure on delicate airways and neck structures.
• Monitor for BOAS signs: Watch for snorting, gagging, or labored breathing—possible indicators of Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome.

Managing Heat Sensitivity

• Keep them cool: Employ fans, air conditioning, or cooling mats—especially during intense Indian summers.
• Time your walks: Avoid outdoor activity during peak heat hours.
• Hydrate consistently: Ensure easy access to fresh, clean water at all times.

Dental & Facial Hygiene

• Clean skin folds daily: Gently wipe wrinkles with a damp cloth to prevent infections.
• Brush often: Crowded teeth heighten the risk of dental disease—regular cleaning is essential.
• Protect their eyes: Their shallow sockets are prone to injury and irritation.

Diet & Weight Control

• Feed specifically formulated food: Some food brands offer options tailored to brachycephalic needs.
• Maintain ideal weight: Extra pounds worsen breathing issues and joint stress.
• Try slow feeders: Help prevent rapid eating and excessive air intake.

Grooming & Skin Health

• Wrinkle care: Clean around the face and tail to prevent dermatitis and fungal infections.
• Gentle ear cleaning: Their narrow ear canals require routine attention with mild cleansers.
• Mild shampoos only: Avoid harsh products that could irritate their sensitive skin.

Veterinary Vigilance

• Frequent vet visits: Early detection of airway, spinal, or eye issues is vital.
• Evaluate surgical options: In severe BOAS cases, procedures like soft palate reduction or nostril correction may be recommended.
• Choose well-equipped clinics: Facilities with advanced imaging provide better diagnostic accuracy.

Lifestyle & Comfort

• Elevated sleeping positions: Head elevation can ease nighttime breathing.
• Minimize stress: Anxiety exacerbates respiratory problems—calm environments are key.
• Travel mindfully: Air travel poses serious risks—many carriers restrict flat-faced breeds.

Dr Jyotika Sangale and Dr D J Kalita of Zenex Animal Health mention the significance of alternative medicines to manage inflammation and damage of tissues. FOR TISSUE HEALING

In dogs and cats, chronic enteropathies, impaired gut integrity, microbiome imbalances, as well as various tissue injuries are very common. These conditions may represent a continuous load of endotoxins, which may result in the development of diseases that are attributable to chronic inflammation. Management of such inflammatory conditions or damaged tissues can be a challenging endeavour. The contemporary scientific community has recognized the significance of alternative medicines derived from natural sources especially proteolytic enzymes and flavonoids in the management of inflammatory conditions and repair of damaged tissues.

The use of natural plant-derived compounds as supplements to conventional medicine in small animal medicine is becoming popular. Enzymes, especially proteolytic enzymes and flavonoids of plant or natural origin exert many beneficial properties and have been explored for numerous pharmacological effects. The combination of proteolytic enzymes and flavonoids supplements demonstrate a more complete spectrum of action as compared to NSAIDs against initial symptoms of inflammation.

Stages of Wound Healing

When a pet experiences an injury or wound, the body initiates its intrinsic healing mechanisms. This process encompasses several stages: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. The hemostasis phase, which occurs immediately following injury, aims to halt bleeding. During the inflammatory phase, the body dispatches white blood cells to the affected area to combat potential infections and eliminate foreign materials.

During the inflammatory phase, proteolytic enzymes play a pivotal role. They assist in the removal of debris and damaged tissue from the wound site, facilitating the growth of new tissue. Additionally, these enzymes contribute to the reduction of inflammation at the wound site, which is a natural response to injury.

Various beneficial properties of few such natural enzymes flavonoids, plant extracts and probiotics which are well demonstrated in various in-vitro animal model studies as well as in human subjects are given below:

Bromelain: Bromelain is a proteolytic enzyme extracted from the pineapple plant (Ananas comosus), with sources including the stems and fruits of the pineapple, as well as by-products such as the core, crown, and peel. The potential therapeutic value of bromelain is due to its biochemical and pharmacological properties, and the main ingredient in crude bromelain is a proteolytic enzyme termed glycoprotein, which is in addition to minerals, protease inhibitors, organic acids and organic solvents. It has been shown that bromelain downregulates COX-2 and PGE-2 expression levels in vitro & in-vivo studies. Bromelain activates the inflammatory mediators, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, interferon (INF)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in mouse macrophage and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These results indicated that bromelain can potentially activate the healthy immune system.

Clinically, bromelain has been employed as an anti-inflammatory agent for soft tissue injuries, chronic pain and surgical wound care. Currently, bromelain is utilized to manage post-surgical wounds, alleviating pain and swelling. Additionally, bromelain acts as an effective fibrinolytic agent, preventing blood coagulation.

Trypsin: Trypsin or chymotrypsin is a widely used oral proteolytic enzyme combination to hasten repair of traumatic, surgical and orthopedic injuries. It shows high bioavailability without losing its biological activities as an anti-inflammatory, anti-edematous, fibrinolytic, antioxidant and anti-infective agent. These properties facilitate the repair process. Trypsin reduces inflammatory edema, oxidative stress and tissue destruction, which facilitates healing.

Papain: Papain, an endolytic cysteine protease enzyme from the papaya (Carica papaya L.) latex, catalyzes the breakdown of proteins by hydrolysis. Studies have shown that Papain possesses diverse beneficial properties in addition to digestion. It is nowadays offered as an anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant and fibrinolytic agent. In addition, papain was reported as an anti-biofilm and anti-plaque agent. It has been shown to be as effective as aspirin in several studies. It

is a natural treatment for wounds after surgical procedures, as well as burns, bedsores and skin ulcers. Papain aids in elimination of fibrin layer of wound or tumors or fibrous tissue or breaking up deadly blood clots and thereby allowing the body access to the softer, more vulnerable tissues.

Rutin: Flavonoids represent a significant class of phytochemicals. A notable attribute of these compounds is their antioxidant capacity. Rutin, also known as Rutoside or Vitamin P, is a bioflavonoid that exemplifies these characteristics. Chemically, Rutin is a glycoside, consisting of the flavonolic aglycone quercetin and the disaccharide rutinose. The pharmacological effects of Rutin demonstrate the most substantial inotropic responses. Its therapeutic properties include antihistaminic and antiulcer effects, as well as antioxidant, cytoprotective, vasoprotective, anticarcinogenic, neuroprotective and cardioprotective activities. Additionally, Rutin has shown efficacy in combating cirrhosis, thereby exhibiting hepatoprotective properties.

Amla extract: Amla, scientifically referred to as Phyllanthus emblica (also known as Emblica officinalis), has been recognized for its therapeutic properties since ancient times. The seeds of Amla have demonstrated potential in alleviating conditions such as asthma and bronchitis, while the juice is employed for ocular health. The anti-inflammatory efficacy of Amla is attributed to its capacity to suppress various enzymes that trigger inflammation, including COX-1 and COX-2. By diminishing the activity of these enzymes, Amla reduces the synthesis of molecules responsible for swelling and pain, positioning it as a promising natural alternative for managing inflammatory disorders.

Oral Probiotic: Oral probiotics initiate a series of systemic responses that can enhance wound healing indirectly. Researchers have identified various anti-pathogenic mechanisms employed by probiotics that aid healing process. These mechanisms include inhibition of pathogen adhesion, competition for binding sites, access to nutrients, production of anti-pathogenic substances, antagonistic actions, stimulation of epithelial barrier integrity and modulation of immune responses. Probiotic strains of Bifidobacterium longum and B. coagulans exert a variety of beneficial effects, including modulation of the microbial composition, alteration of immune responses and metabolism.

Use of natural and alternative medicine is a promising approach in improvising medical challenges. Proteolytic enzymes and flavonoid preparations are receiving increased medical acceptance. Combination of such phytochemicals have been found to exert anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic and antioxidant effects through myriad mechanisms that include favourable modulation of inflammatory mediators, enhancement of plasmin levels, reduced leukocyte migration to injury site and suppression of the formation of reactive oxygen species. These actions have been demonstrated in multiple in vitro and animal models. Further, the beneficial effects of the combination on inflammatory markers have been reported from multiple clinical studies. Till date there are limited published reports of their use in pet and farm animals, such formulations can be a very useful candidate for faster healing of damaged tissue in various disease conditions including injury, wounds, skin, and coat problem and to restore other bodily functions in pet animals.

This disease can affect humans also. It spreads through the urine of infected animals, says Yung-Tsun Lo (D.V.M., Ph.D) of Bioguard Corporation.

Canine leptospirosis is a bacterial infection in dogs caused by spiral-shaped bacteria known as leptospires. This disease can affect both pets and humans (it is zoonotic) and is particularly concerning because it can lead to severe illness or death in dogs if left untreated. While cats can also be infected, they tend to be more resistant to the disease and are much less likely to require hospitalization.

The bacteria thrive in moist environments and water. They are typically spread through the urine of infected animals, including rodents, livestock, and other wildlife, which can contaminate water, soil, and food sources.

Transmission

Leptospirosis is more commonly found in warm, humid climates with high annual rainfall, but it can occur anywhere, especially after heavy rain or flooding. Dogs typically contract leptospirosis through contact with water contaminated by infected urine, especially from stagnant or slow-moving sources such as puddles, ponds, or lakes. The bacteria can also spread via urine-contaminated soil, bedding, or food.

Various animals can transmit leptospirosis through their urine, with rodents and small mammals like rats and raccoons being the most common carriers. However, almost any mammal, including humans, can spread the bacteria. Infected or carrier dogs can also serve as sources of infection.

The Leptospira bacteria enter the body through ingestion, broken skin, or mucous membranes (such as the eyes, nose, or mouth). The incubation period—the time between exposure and the onset of symptoms—is typically about one week.

Symptoms

Leptospiral infection in dogs can lead to varying degrees of illness severity, influenced by factors such as the infecting strain, geographical location, and the dog’s immune response. Some dogs may show mild symptoms or none, while others can experience severe illness or potentially fatal complications, often due to kidney damage.

Common signs of leptospirosis include:

• Fever and shivering
• Lethargy and weakness
• Vomiting and diarrhea
• Loss of appetite
• Muscle pain or stiffness
• Increased thirst and urination
• (indicating possible kidney involvement)
• Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
•  

In severe cases, leptospirosis can lead to kidney failure, liver damage, lung disease, or bleeding disorders.

Diagnosis

Leptospirosis can be difficult to diagnose because its clinical signs often resemble those of other diseases, and a dog’s vaccination history may not be clear. Veterinarians usually rely on a combination of clinical signs, blood tests, and urine tests to identify possible cases.

To confirm the diagnosis, additional testing is often required. This may include PCR testing, which detects the DNA of the Leptospira bacteria, and microscopic agglutination tests (MATs) to measure antibody levels. In some instances, chest X-rays may also be conducted to check for

pulmonary haemorrhage.

Treatment

Leptospirosis is usually treated with antibiotics and supportive care. In the initial stages, hospitalization is often necessary to provide intravenous (IV) fluids and manage electrolytes. Additional treatments may include medications to protect the gastrointestinal system, relieve nausea and pain, provide nutritional support, and regulate blood pressure. Prompt treatment is crucial to reduce the risk of severe organ damage.

Prevention

Preventive Measures for Leptospirosis:

1. Vaccination: Leptospirosis vaccines are available and highly recommended, especially in areas with a high risk of infection.
2. Restrict access to stagnant water: Keep dogs from drinking or swimming in water sources that may be contaminated.
3. Rodent Control: Minimize exposure to rodents near your home and yard to reduce the risk of infection.
4. Routine Veterinary Care: Regular check-ups and preventive care are essential. Although leptospirosis can be severe, it can be effectively prevented with the right precautions.

The Rise of Home-Cooked Pet Food

In the heart of Hollywood, where iconic signs and stars dominate the landscape, a storefront delivers a surprisingly down-to-earth message: dogs deserve real food. At Just Food for Dogs, the clientele may walk on four legs, but their dining experience rivals that of their human companions. The shop bustles with activity as dogs sample fresh, made-daily recipes while their owners stock up on personalized meal plans.

One such shopper is Sarah Rector, accompanied by her French bulldog, Lulu. She is placing her usual order of beef with russet potato and venison with squash. “I feel so much better giving Lulu this food instead of traditional commercial kibble,” she said. “I know she’s getting top-notch ingredients that support her health and overall well-being.” Though Rector and her husband do not have children yet, they treat their two French bulldogs as cherished family members. “It feels like we’re feeding our kids,” she added with a smile.

While this might seem like just another Hollywood wellness trend, the movement is rooted in a broader transformation within the pet food industry—an industry now worth an estimated $50 billion in the U.S. alone. Carey Tischler, president of Just Food for Dogs, says this isn’t a passing fad. “Recent studies show that 82% of pet owners view their animals as part of the family, even as children. That shift is driving real change in how people think about pet nutrition.”

Joe Ovalle, guest experience manager at the store, echoes that sentiment. “All of our meals are USDA-certified for human consumption. This is genuinely human-grade food,” he said proudly. To prove his point, he sampled a spoonful of their fish and sweet potato dish. “Honestly? It tastes like ceviche,” he laughed.

The cost may raise eyebrows—it can be double the price of traditional dry dog food—but advocates argue the long-term benefits far outweigh the price tag. And if you are preparing the meals at home, it may even be more cost-effective than buying high-end pet food brands.

Pet nutritionist Christine Filardi, author of Home Cooking for Your Dog, believes that feeding dogs freshly prepared food is not a luxury—it is a return to their biological roots. “For tens of thousands of years, dogs thrived on prey animals and table scraps. Commercial pet food is a recent invention. I’m simply guiding people back to what their pets were meant to eat,” she explained. Her book offers practical recipes built around three core components: animal protein, carbohydrates, and vegetables. For those who like to spoil their pups, she also includes recipes for treats like bacon and cream cheese muffins.

Whether you are buying it from a specialty store or whipping it up in your own kitchen, the message is the same: real food leads to real results. Fresh, natural meals have been linked to healthier, longer lives for pets, with fewer trips to the vet and increased vitality and happiness. And that happiness spreads.

“They give us so much unconditional love and loyalty,” said Filardi. “The least we can do is make sure they’re well fed and well cared for.” In an era where pets are increasingly seen as full-fledged family members, feeding them food that is made with care, quality, and love might just be the new standard. For many dog owners, it is not about spoiling—it’s about doing right by the ones who give us so much.

Why Shared Water Bowls Are a Hidden Health Hazard for Dogs and Humans

On a warm sunny day, it is natural to take a break with your dog after a walk and stop by a local café. You might notice a communal water bowl placed thoughtfully at the counter for thirsty pets. But before you let your dog lap up a drink, you may want to think twice. Shared water bowls can be teeming with harmful bacteria, some of which pose serious health risks not just to dogs, but to their owners as well.

Water is essential for your dog’s overall health—it helps regulate body temperature and supports vital bodily functions. After exercise or during warmer months, dogs need even more hydration because they cannot sweat like humans do. Instead, they pant to cool down, and water plays a crucial role in that process. While dogs who eat moisture-rich foods (like canned or raw diets) may need less water, those on dry kibble rely heavily on their water bowls to stay hydrated.

However, these bowls—especially shared or unclean ones—can become dangerous hotspots for bacteria and viruses. Experts warn that poorly maintained water bowls can harbour antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli, which has been found in dog feeding bowls and may transfer to humans, posing a public health concern.

Even more worrying is the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This superbug, which causes difficult-to-treat skin and soft-tissue infections, can spread between pets and humans. Communal bowls are perfect transmission points, especially when dogs share saliva and nasal secretions during drinking.

Respiratory illnesses such as the highly contagious kennel cough can also spread via contaminated water sources. Caused by various agents like Bordetella bronchiseptica and canine influenza virus, kennel cough is easily transmitted when dogs meet infected surfaces, including water bowls, toys, and bedding. Since multiple pathogens can be responsible, identifying and treating the illness can be complex.

Another threat comes from adenoviruses, which can be present due to faecal contamination and lead to conditions like infectious hepatitis and respiratory infections in dogs. These viruses further emphasize why keeping water sources clean is crucial.

Certain dogs are especially vulnerable to infections—puppies, elderly dogs, and those with compromised immune systems are at higher risk. Additionally, if someone in your household is immunocompromised, the possibility of zoonotic transmission (from pets to humans) becomes a legitimate concern.

As any dog owner knows, pets are not exactly cautious about what they drink. Muddy puddles, stagnant water, and communal bowls can be tempting—even if they carry unseen dangers.

So how can you keep your pet safe? The solution is simple: bring your own water and a clean bowl whenever you are out with your dog. If you must use a communal bowl, ensure it has been recently cleaned and refilled. A small, thoughtful habit like this can go a long way in protecting your pet—and yourself—from avoidable infections.

Common Diseases You Can Catch from Your Pets

While our pets bring us comfort and companionship, they can sometimes transmit infections that affect human health. Here is a look at some diseases that can be passed from pets to people—and how to stay protected.

Plague
Bubonic and septicaemic plague can be spread through bites from infected fleas. If your pet contracts pneumonic plague, it could transmit the illness through respiratory droplets, such as when sneezing. All forms of plague can lead to fever, chills, headaches, and may be fatal if not treated with antibiotics. Prevention starts with keeping your pet’s flea-free and away from rodents.

Hookworm
Hookworm larvae hatch from eggs found in the faces of infected animals, especially young puppies and kittens. These larvae live in soil and can penetrate your skin, such as when you walk barefoot outdoors. While not typically dangerous, hookworm may cause red, itchy streaks on your skin or stomach issues. Most cases resolve on their own, but consult your doctor if symptoms persist.

Rabies
This deadly virus spreads through the saliva of infected animals via bites. Wild animals like raccoons, skunks, foxes, or unvaccinated pets can transmit it. Early signs include fever and general illness, progressing to confusion, anxiety, and insomnia. Immediate cleaning of wounds with soap and water and urgent medical care are crucial—without treatment, rabies is fatal.

Toxoplasmosis
Cats carrying the Toxoplasma parasite shed it in their feces. While most healthy people show no symptoms, it can be serious for pregnant individuals or those with weakened immune systems. Symptoms can include muscle aches, fever, and eye problems. Regularly clean litter boxes and wash your hands thoroughly afterwards. Medical treatment may be needed in severe cases.

Cat Scratch Disease (CSD)
This bacterial infection is spread by cats through scratches, bites, or contact with an open wound. Signs include swelling, painful lymph nodes, fever, and headaches. While it typically clears on its own, antibiotics may be required. Minimize rough play, keep your cat’s nails trimmed, and use flea control to help prevent CSD. Always clean bites and scratches with soap and water.

Tapeworm
Though uncommon, humans—especially children—can get tapeworms by accidentally ingesting an infected flea from a pet. You may notice rice-sized tapeworm segments in your pet’s stool. Fortunately, they are rarely harmful and respond well to treatment. Preventative measures include regular flea control using collars, medications, and spot-on treatments.

Ringworm
This contagious fungal infection spreads via contact with infected animals like cats, dogs, pigs, and horses. While adult pets may not show symptoms, kittens and puppies often have crusty bald spots. In people, it causes red, itchy, ring-like rashes. Maintain good hygiene for yourself, your pet, and your home. Treatment includes antifungal creams, sprays, or pills, though reinfection is possible.

Takeaway:
Pet-borne illnesses can often be prevented through proper hygiene, routine veterinary care, and awareness. Love your pets—but take steps to protect your health too.

When spring arrives in full bloom, many of us start reaching for tissues and antihistamines. But did you know your dog might be suffering from seasonal allergies too? Just like humans, dogs can experience hay fever—also known as canine atopic dermatitis—triggered by pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds.

Unlike people, however, dogs don’t usually sneeze and get watery eyes. Instead, they show hay fever in ways that might surprise you. Here’s how to tell if your pup is dealing with pollen problems, and what you can do to help them feel better.

Common Signs Your Dog Might Have Hay Fever

1. Itchy Skin and Excessive Scratching
   The most noticeable symptom in dogs with hay fever is itchy skin. You might catch your dog scratching constantly, rubbing their face on furniture, or licking their paws excessively—especially after walks or time outside.
2. Red or Inflamed Skin
   Prolonged scratching can lead to red, irritated skin or even bald patches. Common trouble spots include the armpits, groin, paws, ears, and face.
3. Frequent Ear Infections
   Pollen can cause inflammation in your dog’s ears, leading to recurring infections. If your dog is shaking their head often, scratching their ears, or you notice an unpleasant odor, it’s time to check in with your vet.
4. Watery Eyes or Runny Nose
   Though less common, some dogs do show more “human-like” allergy symptoms. Watery eyes, sneezing, or nasal discharge can sometimes occur, especially in breeds with more sensitive respiratory systems.
5. Changes in Behavior
   A dog dealing with constant itchiness or discomfort might seem restless, irritable, or more lethargic than usual. You may also notice disrupted sleep or changes in appetite.

How to Help Your Dog Feel Better

If you suspect your dog has hay fever, don’t worry—there are many ways to manage it and keep your pup comfortable.

1. Visit the Vet

First things first: consult your vet. They can confirm the diagnosis and rule out other causes like food allergies or parasites. Your vet may recommend antihistamines, medicated shampoos, or even allergy testing.

2. Bathe Regularly

Frequent baths with a gentle, hypoallergenic or medicated shampoo can remove pollen from your dog’s skin and coat. Always rinse thoroughly and avoid over-washing, which can dry out the skin.

3. Wipe Down After Walks

Use a damp cloth or pet-safe wipes to clean your dog’s paws, belly, and face after time outside. This helps minimize the amount of pollen they bring into the house—or lick off their own body.

4. Keep Indoor Air Clean

Close windows during high pollen times (especially early morning), and consider using an air purifier to reduce allergens in your home. Vacuum regularly and wash bedding often.

5. Try Supplements

Omega-3 fatty acids, commonly found in fish oil supplements, can help reduce inflammation and support healthy skin. Ask your vet if they’re right for your dog.

6. Prescription Options

For more severe cases, your vet may prescribe corticosteroids, allergy shots, or newer medications like Apoquel or Cytopoint, which specifically target itchiness caused by allergies.

When to Seek Help

If your dog’s symptoms are persistent, getting worse, or affecting their quality of life, it’s time to seek veterinary care. Chronic scratching can lead to secondary skin infections, which require prompt treatment.

Final Thoughts

Hay fever isn’t just a human problem—our furry friends can suffer too. But with a little awareness and some proactive care, you can help your dog enjoy the great outdoors without the itch. After all, spring should be about chasing butterflies—not chasing relief.

Candidiasis in dogs is a fungal infection caused by the overgrowth of Candida species, particularly Candida albicans. While this yeast is naturally present in a dog’s body, an imbalance in the immune system can lead to its uncontrolled growth, resulting in infection. Recognizing the signs of candidiasis and seeking appropriate veterinary care is essential for managing the condition.

Causes of Candidiasis in Dogs– Candidiasis typically arises when a dog’s immune defences are weakened or compromised. Some common causes include:

Weakened Immunity: Dogs with underlying health issues like diabetes or cancer are more susceptible.

Prolonged Antibiotic Use: Antibiotics can disrupt the natural microbial balance, promoting yeast overgrowth.

Allergies and Skin Conditions: Chronic skin allergies or dermatitis can create an environment favourable for Candida growth.

Hormonal Imbalances: Conditions like hypothyroidism may also contribute to infection.

Poor Hygiene: Moist, warm environments, such as skin folds or ear canals, are ideal for yeast proliferation.

Symptoms of Candidiasis in Dogs– The symptoms of candidiasis can vary depending on the site of infection. Common signs include:

Skin Infections: Redness, itching, crusty lesions, and an unpleasant odour.

Ear Infections: Shaking of the head, scratching at the ears, and a dark discharge.

Oral Candidiasis: White patches, drooling, and difficulty eating.

Gastrointestinal Issues: Vomiting, diarrhea, and bloating.

Genital or Urinary Infections: Excessive licking, frequent urination, or discomfort.

Diagnosis- Veterinarians diagnose candidiasis through a combination of physical examinations and laboratory tests. Skin scrapings, ear swabs, or biopsies may be performed to identify the yeast. Additionally, blood tests can help detect any underlying medical conditions contributing to the infection.

Treatment Options- Treating candidiasis involves a multi-faceted approach to eliminate the infection and prevent recurrence. Common treatments include:

Antifungal Medications: Topical antifungal creams, shampoos, or oral medications like fluconazole or ketoconazole are often prescribed.

Addressing Underlying Conditions: Managing diseases like diabetes or allergies is crucial.

Dietary Support: A balanced diet with limited sugars and carbohydrates can help reduce yeast growth.

Improved Hygiene: Regular grooming and cleaning of skin folds or ears can minimize the risk of reinfection.

Prevention Tips– While candidiasis cannot always be avoided, these preventive measures can reduce the likelihood of infection:

Maintain good grooming and hygiene practices.

Regularly clean and dry your dog’s ears, particularly after swimming.

Provide a nutritious diet that supports immune health.

Schedule routine veterinary check-ups to catch potential issues early.

Candidiasis in dogs can be uncomfortable, but with timely diagnosis and proper treatment, most dogs recover well. Pet owners can play a proactive role in their dog’s health by maintaining good hygiene, monitoring for symptoms, and consulting a veterinarian at the first sign of infection. By taking these steps, you can ensure your furry companion remains happy and healthy.