Category: Health

Nisheeth Kumar, co-founder of PetStrong, discusses the upcoming innovations to handle pet nutrition.

A survey by the department of livestock products technology at Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU) found that pets are increasingly becoming deficient in minerals and protein. Following this, PetStrong, a pet food brand tackles the protein deficit in Indian pets’ diets.

India’s 30 million pets require significantly higher levels of protein than humans—dogs need 2.2g per kg of body weight, and cats need 4.5g, compared to just 1g for humans. Usually, the inadequate home diets for pets, leading to avoidable health issues. Nisheeth Kumar, co- founder of PetStrong, discusses the upcoming innovations to handle pet nutrition.

How much protein do pet pooches need as compared to humans?

Dogs require significantly more protein than humans to maintain their health, energy, and overall well-being. On average, dogs need around 2.2g of protein per kilogram of body weight. For example, a 10 kg dog would need 22 grams of protein daily. In contrast, humans typically require 1g of protein per kilogram of body weight, so for a 70 kg human, that would be just 70 grams per day. This significant difference is due to dogs’ higher metabolic rates and their need for amino acids to maintain muscle mass, support immune function, and promote healthy skin and coat.

How did you infer that Indian pets’ diet is protein deficient?

The protein deficiency in Indian pets’ diets stems from cultural dietary habits and a lack of awareness among pet parents. In India, 30% of pet parents are vegetarian, and a large percentage of others are flexitarian, meaning they occasionally consume non-vegetarian food. This preference for plant-based diets often extends to the food given to pets. However, dogs and cats, unlike humans, are obligate carnivores (dogs) or obligate carnivores with some flexibility (cats) and need animal based protein to meet their nutritional requirements. As a result, homemade meals commonly served to pets, like “Roti Milk” or “Dahi Chawal,” are often carb-heavy and lack the necessary protein content. This mismatch leads to nutritional deficiencies, as these diets fail to provide the required amount of protein, which is critical for healthy growth, muscle maintenance, and immune function.

Why do Indian pet parents rely on homemade food to nourish their fur babies?

In India, there is a deep cultural attachment to homemade food, and many pet parents view their pets as family members. There is also a widespread belief that homemade food is healthier and more natural for pets. Pet parents often cook for their pets because they are concerned about the quality of commercial pet food or may find it too expensive. Additionally, many Indian pet owners may not be fully aware of the specific nutritional needs of their pets, leading them to rely on traditional, familiar foods that they would serve themselves. Unfortunately, while homemade food can be nutritious in some cases, it often lacks the balance of proteins, vitamins, and minerals that pets need to thrive.

How can the protein deficiency be bridged?

The protein deficiency in Indian pets can be bridged by providing protein-rich pet food that is specially formulated to meet the unique dietary needs of dogs and cats. This can be done in several ways:

Incorporating animal-based protein into pet food, such as chicken, fish, or lamb, which are more easily digestible for pets compared to plant-based protein sources.

Introducing specialized products like meal boosters or supplements that can be added to homemade meals to increase their protein content.

Raising awareness among pet parents about the importance of protein in their pets’ diets and how to balance homemade meals with nutrient-rich additions.

Providing science-backed, nutritionally complete pet food that bridges the gap in a convenient, affordable way. PetStrong’s products, for example, are specifically designed to offer high-protein meals that meet the nutritional needs of Indian pets without compromising on taste or cultural preferences.

Q5. Please elaborate on the components and benefits of PetStrong.

PetStrong offers a range of high-protein, nutritionally complete solutions designed specifically for the needs of Indian pets. The main components of the product offerings include:

Meal Boosters: High-protein isolate in powder format packed in convenient and economical sachets can be added to homemade meals to elevate the amino acid profile and enhance their nutritional value.

Supplements: Essential vitamins, minerals, and amino acids that support overall health, from immune function to skin and coat condition.

Fresh Food: Convenient, ready-to-serve meals made with high-quality, animal-based proteins that align with Indian culinary habits.

Treats & Biscuits: Healthy, protein-packed snacks for pets, perfect for rewarding and training.

Kibbles: Balanced, dry food with essential nutrients that can be easily incorporated into any pet’s daily diet.

Gravy Food: Moist, protein-rich food that adds flavour and hydration to pets’ meals.

Benefits:

Complete nutrition: Our products are designed to provide a balanced diet with all essential nutrients, including 43 vital micronutrients that promote pets’ health.

Protein-rich: We focus on bridging the protein gap with our high-quality animal-based proteins, tailored to meet the specific needs of Indian pets.

Culturally relevant: Our products align with the dietary preferences of Indian pet parents, offering convenient solutions that fit into their existing feeding habits.

Science-backed formulations: Each product is developed with expert input to ensure it meets global pet nutrition standards, giving pet parents peace of mind that their pets are getting the best nutrition available.

Healthier, longer lives: By addressing the protein deficiency in Indian pets, PetStrong helps to promote healthier pets with better immune function, improved energy levels, and a longer lifespan.

Winter’s frosty embrace brings a unique set of challenges for our furry companions. While we layer up against the chill, dogs face respiratory health risks that often go unnoticed. The cold air can irritate their sensitive airways, leading to coughing, wheezing and discomfort. Fortunately, Wheez-Go for Pet, a homeopathic remedy, offers relief for respiratory issues during the harshest season. The cold months can be particularly harsh on dogs, especially when it comes to their respiratory health. Just like humans, a dog’s respiratory system is vital, facilitating the essential exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. However, the winter chill can disrupt this delicate balance, making them vulnerable to respiratory issues.

Wheez-Go for Pet is a reliable homeopathic remedy designed for pets. This trusted dog cough medicine provided the relief my pet desperately needed. Let’s explore how winter affects canine respiratory health and why taking proactive steps is crucial.

Understanding the Canine Respiratory System

A dog’s respiratory system, is similar to that of humans, but has its own unique features. Air enters through the nose, where it is filtered before passing through the nasopharynx, oropharynx and larynx, which leads to the trachea. The lungs facilitate gas exchange through bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli. In the alveoli, oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is expelled. This efficient process sustains life, but cold air can disrupt it.

Winter’s Challenges for Respiratory Health

Cold air can cause bronchoconstriction, where the airways become narrow, making breathing tough. Dogs, particularly those with pre-existing conditions like short-nosed brachycephalic breeds, are more susceptible to respiratory issues during winter. Moreover, indoor air quality can also create problems. Heating systems and fireplaces release fine particles that irritate sensitive respiratory passages, leading to coughing, wheezing, or worsening asthma-like symptoms.

Key Symptoms to Watch

Monitoring your dog’s behaviour is essential during colder months. One should look for the following symptoms:

Persistent Coughing: Coughing may range from dry to wet with honking sounds, indicating irritation and infection.

Laboured Breathing: Difficult or rapid breathing can signal respiratory distress.

Nasal Discharge: Sneezing and runny noses suggest an infection or allergy.

Safeguard your fur baby’s respiratory health with homeopathy.

Fatigue and Appetite Loss: Drop in energy or appetite can signal discomfort.

Open-Mouth Breathing or Restlessness: Difficulty in breathing can cause restlessness and uneasiness.

Keeping Dog Healthy in Winter

Some tips to support your dog’s respiratory health:

1. Limit outdoor activity during winters to prevent bronchoconstriction.

2. Maintain a comfortable indoor environment with proper bedding and heating.

3. Improve indoor air quality by using air purifiers and ensure good ventilation.

4. Monitor any changes in breathing patterns and seek veterinary help immediately.

Homeopathic Medication

Wheez-Go for Pet is a homeopathic remedy that cures cough, cold and flu symptoms in dogs. It’s a safe and effective option to manage wheezing and other respiratory issues, helping your furry friend recover faster.

This winter, let’s prioritize our pets’ respiratory health. With proper care, vigilance and remedies like Wheez-Go for Pet, we can ensure our furry friends remain healthy, happy, and full of life despite the chilly weather.

Swimming isn’t just a fun activity for humans; it’s a fantastic way to enhance your dog’s health and fitness. As a low-impact, high-reward exercise, swimming is ideal for dogs of all ages and breeds, offering numerous physical and mental benefits. Whether you’re looking to improve your pet’s overall health or seeking a therapeutic activity, swimming can be the ultimate workout for your furry friend.

Why Swimming?

Unlike other forms of exercise, swimming is gentle on the joints and provides a full-body workout. This makes it particularly beneficial for dogs with arthritis, hip dysplasia, or other mobility issues. The buoyancy of water reduces stress on joints, allowing dogs to move freely without discomfort.

For high-energy dogs, swimming is an excellent way to burn off extra calories. The resistance of water means your pet works harder to move, strengthening muscles and improving cardiovascular health. It’s estimated that one minute of swimming is equivalent to four minutes of running, making it an efficient way to keep your dog in top shape.

Physical Benefits of Swimming

1. Improved Cardiovascular Health: Swimming increases heart rate and blood circulation, promoting a healthy cardiovascular system.
2. Weight Management: Dogs struggling with obesity can benefit from swimming as it burns calories while being easier on their joints.
3. Muscle Toning: The water resistance engages multiple muscle groups, helping to tone and strengthen your dog’s body.
4. Enhanced Flexibility: The range of motion required in swimming can improve flexibility and prevent stiffness in joints.

Mental and Emotional Benefits

Swimming isn’t just about physical fitness; it also boosts mental well-being. The activity can reduce stress, alleviate anxiety, and provide a sense of accomplishment. Dogs that swim regularly tend to exhibit fewer behavioral issues, as the exercise helps release pent-up energy.

The joy of being in the water also stimulates your dog’s mind. Exploring new environments, like a lake or pool, adds variety to their routine and keeps them engaged.

Swimming as Therapy

Hydrotherapy, a form of therapeutic swimming, is often recommended by veterinarians for dogs recovering from surgeries or injuries. This controlled form of swimming helps speed up recovery by improving circulation and reducing inflammation. Hydrotherapy is also beneficial for senior dogs, as it supports mobility and eases chronic pain.

Safety First: Tips for Swimming with Your Dog

While swimming is generally safe and enjoyable, it’s essential to take a few precautions:

• Introduce Gradually: If your dog is new to swimming, start in shallow water and use positive reinforcement to build their confidence.
• Use a Life Jacket: Even strong swimmers can benefit from a life jacket, especially in deep or unpredictable waters.
• Supervise Always: Never leave your dog unsupervised while swimming. Keep an eye out for signs of fatigue or distress.
• Rinse Afterward: Chlorine, salt, or bacteria in water can irritate your dog’s skin. Rinse them thoroughly after each swim.
• Choose the Right Spot: Opt for dog-friendly pools, calm lakes, or beaches with gentle waves. Avoid areas with strong currents or hazardous debris.

Making Swimming a Routine

Incorporating swimming into your dog’s routine doesn’t have to be complicated. Many pet-friendly facilities offer swimming sessions, and some even have doggy pools designed for safety and comfort. If you have access to a safe natural water source, such as a lake, let your dog enjoy occasional swims under your supervision.

A Healthier, Happier Dog

The benefits of swimming go beyond physical fitness; it’s a holistic activity that nurtures your dog’s body and mind. Whether you’re looking to manage your dog’s weight, provide therapy, or simply enjoy a fun bonding activity, swimming can be a rewarding addition to your pet’s lifestyle.

So, dive into the water and let your furry friend experience the joy and health benefits of swimming. With proper precautions and regular practice, you’ll notice a happier, healthier, and more energetic companion by your side.

When it comes to ensuring the safety and well-being of your canine companion, a well-chosen dog harness can make all the difference. Unlike traditional collars, harnesses distribute pressure evenly across your dog’s body, reducing the risk of injury while providing better control during walks. With countless options available on the market, finding a harness that combines comfort, control, and style can feel overwhelming. Here, we explore the essential factors to consider and highlight some top options to keep your pup safe and stylish.

Why Choose a Dog Harness?

A dog harness offers several advantages over collars, especially for dogs prone to pulling, those with delicate necks, or breeds susceptible to tracheal collapse. Harnesses:

• Provide better control, making walks more enjoyable for both you and your dog.
• Distribute pressure across the chest and shoulders, minimizing strain on the neck.
• Reduce the risk of your dog slipping out and escaping.
• Offer specialized designs for training, mobility support, or adventure activities.

Key Features to Look for in a Dog Harness

To find the ideal harness, prioritize the following features:

1. Comfort:

Ensure the harness is made of soft, breathable materials to prevent chafing and discomfort. Look for padded straps and adjustable fittings for a snug yet gentle fit.

2. Control:

Choose a harness with sturdy attachment points, such as a front-clip or dual-clip design, for enhanced control during walks. Some harnesses also include handles for added safety in crowded areas or during training.

3. Style:

Your dog’s harness can be as fashionable as it is functional. Options range from vibrant colours and patterns to sleek, minimalist designs, allowing you to reflect your dog’s personality.

4. Durability:

Invest in a harness with high-quality stitching and materials, especially if your dog is active or strong. Reflective strips or LED lights are valuable additions for visibility during night-time walks.

Top Dog Harness Options

Here are some top-rated dog harnesses that balance comfort, control, and style:

1. Ruffwear Front Range Harness

Perfect for adventurous pups, this harness features a padded chest and belly panel for all-day comfort. Its dual-clip design offers versatility, while reflective trim ensures visibility in low-light conditions.

2. Julius-K9 IDC Power harness

Known for its durability and easy-to-use design, the Julius-K9 harness provides excellent control with its adjustable straps and sturdy handle. Available in various colours, it’s both functional and stylish.

3. Puppia Soft Harness

Ideal for small to medium-sized dogs, this lightweight harness is made of breathable mesh fabric. Its simple design prioritizes comfort, making it a great choice for daily walks.

4. Kurgo Tru-Fit Smart Harness

This crash-tested harness doubles as a car restraint, offering safety during travel. Its padded chest plate and multiple adjustment points ensure a secure and comfortable fit.

5. Voyager Step-In Air Harness

For pet parents seeking simplicity, this step-in harness is easy to put on and take off. The lightweight, breathable mesh keeps your dog cool, while its wide range of colors adds a touch of flair.

Tips for a Perfect Fit

A poorly fitted harness can lead to discomfort or escape risks. Follow these steps to ensure a proper fit:

1. Measure Your Dog: Use a soft tape measure to check your dog’s chest girth and neck size.
2. Adjust Straps: Make sure the harness fits snugly without restricting movement or causing pressure points.
3. Test for Security: Ensure your dog cannot wiggle out of the harness by gently tugging on it.
4. Check Periodically: Regularly inspect the fit and condition of the harness, especially if your dog is still growing.

A good harness is an essential investment in your dog’s safety and comfort. By considering factors like comfort, control, and style, you can find the perfect match for your furry friend’s needs. Whether you’re heading out for a casual stroll or an outdoor adventure, a well-chosen harness will ensure that both you and your pup enjoy every moment together. With so many great options available, the perfect blend of functionality and flair is just a leash away!

These coarse grains are growing popular for their rich essential nutrients, says Dr Gudaghe Hrishikesh B.

Pets play a significant role in our lives, providing companionship and joy, so ensuring they have a balanced and nutritious diet is crucial for their health and well-being. In India, homemade dog diets mostly include these cereals, making up about 30-60% of their diet, which creates competition between humans and dogs for these food sources. Traditional dog foods often rely on cereals like rice and wheat, but there is growing interest in alternative ingredients that offer similar nutritional benefits.

Seeing this scenario, millets are gaining attention as a nutritious and affordable option that can replace common cereals in dog food. These small-seeded grains, including pearl millet and finger millet, are rich in essential nutrients and serve as a valuable energy source. Incorporating millets into dog diets can enhance animal health and performance while reducing competition for traditional cereals.

About Millets

India is the world’s largest producer of millet, contributing about 19% of global production. In 2022, India produced 17.60 million metric tons (Mn MT) of millets, including 4.40 Mn MT of sorghum and 13.20 Mn MT of other types. Indian millets are divided into two groups: major millets (sorghum, pearl millet and finger millet) and minor millets (little millet, kodo, foxtail millet and barnyard millet). Of the total millets produced, 88% were used for food, seed, and industrial purposes, while 12% were used as animal feed.

Millets are a great source of essential nutrients like amino acids, minerals, and trace elements. They are comparable to or even better than common cereal grains like rice and wheat in terms of protein, carbohydrates, and minerals. On average, millets provide 14% protein, 5% fat, 3-4% fibre and 74% carbohydrates. Millets such as finger millet and pearl millet provide superior energy and are rich in vitamins B1, B2, and B3. They also have a superior mineral profile, containing high levels of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and iron. Additionally, finger millet is known for its high-quality protein due to its excellent amino acid profile.

Benefits in dog food

In dog foods millets are a nutritious option for dog food and can help prevent certain food allergies linked to cereal proteins like those in wheat. Millet proteins contain beneficial peptides with antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.

They are also suitable for diabetic dogs due to their low levels of soluble carbohydrates and high fibre content, which is digested slowly. Studies have shown that finger millet can help lower blood glucose and bad cholesterol levels while increasing good cholesterol.

Some scientific studies found that replacing common cereals with millets in the diets of dogs and other monogastric animals didn’t significantly change nutrient digestion or utilization. However, adding specific enzymes did improve their performance.

For adult dogs on plant-based diets, adding enzymes helped with nutrient intake and digestion, reduced waste, and increased beneficial compounds without affecting their food preference. In other monogastric animals, replacing yellow maize with pearl millet, with or without added enzymes, improved immune health and reduced cholesterol, but did not significantly impact weight gain or feed efficiency. Overall, processing millets and using the right additives can enhance their benefits and effectiveness in dog diets.

Conclusion

Adding millets to dog food can make diets more affordable and help prevent some allergies caused by cereal proteins. However, high fibre and certain natural compounds in millets can limit its use. Using processing methods like milling, soaking and cooking can reduce these issues and make the food more digestible, keeping your companion happy. (The author Dr Gudaghe Hrishikesh B. is M.V Sc, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP)

Merits of millets

High fibre content: Millets are rich in fibre, which can help support healthy digestion and bowel movements in dogs.

 Gluten-free: Millets are gluten-free, making them a great option for dogs with gluten intolerance or sensitivity.

 Protein-rich: Millets contain protein, which is essential for maintaining muscle mass and overall health in dogs.

Low glycemic index: Millets have a low glycaemic index, which means they won’t cause a sudden spike in blood sugar levels.

Rich in antioxidants: Millets contain antioxidants, which can help protect against oxidative stress and inflammation in dogs.

Inclusion in diet

1. Mix millet flour with their regular food

2. Add cooked millets to their meals

3. Use millet-based dog food or treats

Understanding how to address the issue and when to seek veterinary help is crucial, say M. G. Jayathangaraj, Prem Kumar, Saranya Paidi,Sebastin Raju and R.K. Swain.

Dogs usually have a healthy appetite. However, it becomes quite challenging to feed them when they become ill, as they have reduced appetite and upset stomachs and might not eat the food they usually like. Feeding a sick dog, especially the pet dog with a decreased appetite with or without vomiting can be a really stressful event to any pet owner. To deal with key symptoms like vomiting, one may ask the vet about an over-the-counter stomach and diarrhea related feeding. But, it is a bland diet which can help address some of these symptoms while also giving the affected dogs the nutrition they need to recover.

Vomiting is caused by multiple etiological factors, as quoted below:

a)- Ingestion of irritating substances (i.e., garbage or chocolate)

b)- Toxins or poisons / Pancreatitis

c)- Kidney failure / Liver failure

d)- Diet change / Intestinal parasites

e)- Viral infection / Medication reaction

f)- Bloat / Bacterial infection

g)- Heatstroke /Allergy

What to do with dogs with vomiting, for feeding?

a)- One (or) two times of vomiting can be ignored.

b)- Sometimes, dogs may consume some grass materials and vomit; this need not be given more clinical value and one can ignore this too.

c)- If your pet dog is vomiting and unable to keep food down, you can try missing one meal, although still allow access to water. Then, offer small amounts of a white meat diet such as boiled chicken or boiled fish, with white rice.

d)- Pet dogs will frequently vomit, especially after they overeat. It’s best to feed your furry friends soft dry dog food after they have had an upset stomach.

e)- Avoid spices added to food as well as irritant foods to canines with vomiting-incidences.

f)- If your pup was on a special diet because of stomach upset, you could consider adding a probiotic supplement to their meals.

g)- Cooked white rice is lower in nutritional value than brown rice, but it’s blandness makes it more suitable for upset stomachs.

h)- For a vomiting dog, one should avoid feeding of oils, butter, and added seasonings due to the reason that these things often can irritate the stomach of your pet dog’s stomach, to a great extent and thus can make the problem even worse.

i)- It appears better to stick with the provision of plain boiled chicken and rice. It becomes significant to make sure that the chicken is cooked thoroughly and cut (or) shred it into small, bite-sized pieces for the pet dog, since enthusiastic dogs might get choked on this new or unexpected food.

j)- As quoted in American Kennel Club note, shredded chicken is easy on upset stomachs and acts as a huge eating incentive for dogs with decreased appetites.

k)- It is noteworthy to quote that the plain, unseasoned, boiled, shredded chicken gets easily digested, without much problems and additionally, it has essential vitamins, minerals, fats, and amino acids, thus making it a great snack for dogs that get gastric upsets, in terms of vomiting.

l)- The cooked chicken shall be kept in the fridge for three to four days (or) one can freeze it for two to six months.

m)- Baby food, especially stage II meat based baby foods like chicken / lamb / turkey etc. is very easy to swallow and digest and is a great way to give oral medications but better to avoid any food with more onions.

n)- When the dog becomes nauseous, the dog may not feel like eating at all. However, making the dog drink by frequently taking the affected dog to the watering place (or) waterer and thereby keeping the dog to stay hydrated is crucial, especially if you have been vomiting or have a fever. Water is always a good source of hydration.

0)- Make the animal eat little food but frequently for provision of energy as well as hydration.

p)- Avoid Fried foods, full-fat dairy items and spicy foods If there is continuous vomiting coupled with increased dullness in the pet dog, the veterinarian needs to be consulted in order to prevent the severe pathologic changes in the body of your pet dog due to the intense vomiting.

q)- If possible, make the dog eat the dry foods, such as toast, dry cereals, (or) bread sticks, every few hours during the day. They provide nutrients and help settle the stomach of the pet animals.

r)- One should differentiate vomiting (an active process) from regurgitation (a passive process), since the causes for these vary, in general.

s)- Egg white shall be given intermittently (2-3 times / day) which may help soothe the inflammation of the esophagus / gastric tract of the dog with a history of vomiting.

t)- For emergency-based oral rehydration, 6 parts of sugar and half part of salt in water (to dissolve them) shall be given, intermittently.

u)- Fluid therapy in the patient with vomiting and diarrhea is essential to correct hypovolemia, dehydration, acidbase imbalance, and serum electrolyte abnormalities.

v)- Consult a veterinarian if your dog has continuous vomiting, vomiting with concurrent fever, extreme dullness and chronic vomiting, bloody vomiting.

About the authors:
M.G.Jayathangaraj is Professor, Veterinary Clinical Complex, Centurion University of Technology and Management (CUTM), School of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Paralakhemundi, Odisha mgjayathangaraj@gmail.com Prem Kumar, Saranya Paidi, Sebastin Raju are Faculty members, SOVAS, CUTM and R. K. Swain is Dean, SOVAS, CUTM.

While some dogs show no symptoms, others may experience malabsorption, foul-smelling feces, and weight loss says Yung-Tsun Lo D.V.M, Ph.Dfrom Bioguard Corporation.

Giardiasis is a common parasitic infection in dogs, caused by the intestinal parasite Giardia. Puppies, young dogs, and those with weakened immune systems are particularly susceptible. While some dogs show no symptoms, others may experience malabsorption, foul-smelling feces, chronic diarrhea, and weight loss. The infection can be difficult to eliminate due to the risk of reinfection, requiring antiparasitic treatment and thorough environmental cleaning. Adult dogs may carry the parasite without symptoms, shedding cysts and unknowingly spreading the infection.

Transmission

Infected dogs shed cysts in their feces, which can immediately infect other animals. The cycle from ingestion to shedding in feces takes 5 to 12 days in dogs. Giardiasis is common in crowded environments like kennels or shelters due to high levels of fecal contamination. While cysts found in healthy adult dogs may be insignificant, they are more concerning in vulnerable dogs. Controlling environmental contamination is challenging because the cysts are robust and infectious immediately upon shedding in contaminated soil, food and water.

Clinical signs

Dogs with giardiasis can show a range of symptoms, from no signs at all to severe illness. Some dogs remain asymptomatic with normal appetite and energy levels, while others develop acute, intermittent, or chronic diarrhea. The parasite damages the intestinal lining, leading to malabsorptive diarrhea, often with mucus, a foul odor, and sometimes a greenish tinge or blood. Other symptoms may include abdominal discomfort, lethargy, decreased appetite, weight loss, and vomiting. While most dogs don’t have a fever, they may be less active. The disease can persist for weeks, with younger or immunocompromised dogs more likely to show symptoms. Many dogs remain asymptomatic carriers without developing illness.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing giardiasis in dogs can be challenging because Giardia cysts are not consistently present in the stool. Standard fecal flotation tests may not always detect these cysts, so a special zinc sulfate solution is often used. Additionally, parasites can be identified through a direct smear of the feces. If giardiasis is suspected, stool samples can be tested for Giardia-specific antigens using methods like direct smears, centrifugal fecal flotation, or antigen detection tests, including rapid tests. PCR detection of Giardia in feces is also becoming more common. It may be necessary to conduct multiple tests over several days to confirm the infection.

Treatment

The goal of treatment of giardia in dogs is to resolve an affected dog’s diarrhea and abdominal discomfort. The primary drugs used to treat giardiasis in dogs are fenbendazole and metronidazole, typically administered for three to ten days. In cases of refractory diarrhea, both drugs may be used in combination. Supportive treatments, such as fluid therapy for dehydration may also be necessary. Follow-up testing is recommended two to four weeks after treatment. To prevent reinfection, promptly remove and dispose of feces, bathe the dog regularly to eliminate cysts from the coat, and disinfect bedding and resting areas.

Prognosis

With proper treatment, most dogs recover fully from giardiasis. However, debilitated, geriatric dogs or those with compromised immune systems are at a higher risk for complications, including potentially fatal outcomes. It’s important to re-test all pets diagnosed with Giardia two to four weeks after completing treatment. Dogs can become reinfected if their environment is not adequately managed. Additionally, refractory infections may occur if the Giardia is resistant to the medication or if the treatment was not properly dosed.

Prevention

Preventing and controlling giardiasis is challenging due to the persistence of cysts in the environment and on a dog’s coat. To reduce the risk of reinfection or transmission, bathe dogs to remove cysts, dispose of faces daily, and clean surfaces with boiling water or chlorine bleach at a 1:32. Since Giardia cysts are susceptible to drying, keep the environment as dry as possible. Thoroughly clean and dry the pet’s living areas before reintroducing them. 

Urinary, bladder and kidney stones are common issues in dogs, says Jotvinder Singh (Jojo)

Why do stones form?

Processed food is a major cause and a major reason why urinary crystals and stones form. Most people agree that genetics and diet play a role (hormones and regulators) or external (diet, water, stress, exercise to name a few). High mineral content and mineral ratio disproportions such as calcium, magnesium and phosphorus are conventionally thought to be the most common reasons for urinary stone formation. However, while many studies state this, no one seems to know exactly why ‘pierres’ form in the bladder or kidneys of some dogs and not in others.

Bladder stone diversity

There are two common crystal and stone categories:

Triple phosphate (struvite) that is formed mainly in urine that is alkaline and dissolves in acidic urine.

Calcium oxalate, with spiky hedgehog like crystals and stones that are more likely to appear in acidic urine but can also be present in urine of any pH. These crystals are much more nasty because they are hard to dissolve when they form and they usually need to be removed either surgically or crushed and blasted endoscopically. The sharp calcium oxalate spikes can cause excruciating pain and are much more difficult to treat than to prevent. Some other less common types of crystals are cystein, ammonium urate and silica crystals.

Beware of misdiagnosis

While diagnosis of urinary stones and crystals is usually relatively simple, there is usually a frequent error. If your dog’s urine sample is concentrated and it sits in the collection jar under cool temperatures, crystals may form after the collection the same way salty water forms crystals in the chemistry lab. This results in relatively common misdiagnosis.

If you suspect that this is the case, just collect another sample and have it examined right away at the in-house clinic lab. It is a good idea to give your dog some water before collection to make the urine more dilute to prevent post collection crystal formation.

What to do if you find crystals?

If your dog is suffering from crystals or has been diagnosed with ‘pierres’ in the bladder or kidneys, you have most likely been given special processed food, told to add more water or have been given medicine to adjust your dog’s urine pH.

Perhaps your dog is just recovering from a kidney or bladder surgery and you are worried that the nasty ‘pierres’ will come back. Maybe you have already seen the same problem reoccur or you are worried about the undesirable effects of repeated surgery. Food that is heavily processed, sits on the shelves for months or years before it is sold and/or contains ingredients similar to these listed below is a concern.

Brewers Rice, Chicken By-Product Meal, Pork Fat (preserved with mixed tocopherols and citric acid), Corn Gluten Meal, Dried Egg Product, Calcium Sulfate, Lactic Acid, Chicken Liver Flavor, Stones are actually caused by the dog’s diet of processed food.

Treatment is 4 simple though

1. Cleansing the body

2. Providing the right food and essential mineral and amino acid supplement, high quality omega oils and full spectrum organic multi vitamin.

3. Rebalancing the patient’s energy through a variety of holistic techniques such as homeopathy, herbs, chiropractic’s, physiotherapy, osteopathy and massage to name a few.

Why supplement minerals help in cases of urinary stones or crystals?

Conventional opinions suggest that urinary crystals are caused mainly by genetics and excess and imbalance of minerals in food, processed food as the main cause. Provision of complete, plant based natural minerals can in many cases prevent crystals.

While science has made incredible progress in understanding metabolic cycles and processes, the microcosm of the body is still not fully understood. It could be compared to someone trying to really grasp the nature of the universe.

However, we know that the body works best with the fuel (food) that it was built for. Lack of minerals, amino-acids and other nutrients can throw many metabolic pathways off balance which may cause crystals to form. It makes sense that minerals, amino acids and other nutrients are absolutely essential for your dog to have efficient metabolism. This is the cornerstone of urinary crystal and stone prevention.

Dietary recommendations

If you are really looking to reduce the chance of finding “pierres” in your dog’s kidney’s or bladder you need to follow the following steps:

1. Stop feeding any processed food: It is not what nature intended for your dog. We do not put diesel fuel in your gasoline car either and the right fuel for your dog is essential for success.
2. Start feeding species appropriate ideally raw or cooked food, including raw bones and      some vegetables to ensure that all nutrients are represented in the most natural and wholesome form.
3. Provide the body with all natural plant based minerals and amino acid sources.

The reason for the above recommendations is simple. Processed and denatured food is a major cause of many health problems in animals and people and in urinary stones on dogs fed natural non-processed food are very rare.

General supplement recommendations You may be still wondering why I recommend supplementing minerals to dogs that are on raw food.

Our soils and agricultural land have been overburdened with an increasing need for more food which is transported over long distances. Minerals and nutrients are not being replenished to the fields and this results in mineral and nutrient depleted food chains no matter how natural your dog’s food is. As animals and people age, mineral deficiency is a common yet often undetected cause of disease. The body’s metabolic cycles cannot run properly without the essential minerals, amino acids, omega oils and wholesome vitamins. Some may not be produced by the body but are essential for efficient smooth metabolism including that of the urinary system.

A few more points about diet and water

Dogs do better on meat of animals that are medium or small sized. Bison, buffalo and beef have never been the main source of food for dogs. These meats have a higher content of inflammatory factors such as arachidonic acid which seem to increase the chances of bladder issues and stones. Feeding raw bones is safe. Never feed cooked bones.

Your dog is worth it

I know it sometimes takes guts to be different and to go against what you have been told over and over. This would not be the first time in the medical history that we need to change the way we see problems. If the information above here makes sense to you, try it. You have nothing to lose and lots to gain.

About the author: Jotvinder Singh, lovingly called Jojo is the founder of Woof Yums, a fresh food catering and delivery service for dogs and first of its kind service which caters to the unique needs of every dog customer. He has been bestowed with Skill India Business Award 2023, Haryana Garima Award 2023. He has featured on several talk shows including All India Radio and Federation of Indian Animal Protection Organisations (FIAPO).

Traveling to high-altitude locations with your dog can be an enriching experience for both of you, providing opportunities for adventure and bonding in stunning natural landscapes. However, just as altitude can affect humans, it can also impact dogs, and preparation is key to ensuring your dog’s safety and comfort during such trips. Here’s how to navigate high altitudes with your canine companion while prioritizing their well-being.

1. Start with a Slow and Safe Ascent

When it comes to adjusting to high altitudes, slower is always better. The main challenge for both humans and dogs at high elevations is the reduced oxygen levels. To avoid altitude sickness, which can cause symptoms like shortness of breath, fatigue, nausea, and disorientation, a gradual ascent is critical. Take it slow, especially if your dog isn’t used to hiking or exploring mountainous regions. Ascend no more than 1,000 feet per day if possible, and give your dog plenty of time to acclimatize.

Smaller, more frequent stops during the hike will help your dog’s body adapt to the changing environment. This is especially important if your dog is a flat-faced breed (brachycephalic), like Bulldogs or Pugs, which are more prone to breathing difficulties due to their physiology.

2. Watch for Signs of Altitude Sickness in Dogs

Dogs can experience altitude sickness, much like humans. Be on the lookout for signs such as rapid breathing, excessive panting, vomiting, lethargy, or weakness. These symptoms indicate that your dog might be struggling with the altitude and needs immediate attention. Keep an eye on their behaviour, and if you notice any abnormalities, it’s important to descend to a lower altitude quickly.

Make sure to schedule visits to the vet prior to your trip to discuss your dog’s health and ensure they are fit for the adventure. Some breeds or dogs with underlying health conditions may not cope well with high altitudes, and your vet can advise on what precautions to take.

3. Ensure Proper Hydration and Nutrition

At higher altitudes, the air is drier, meaning both you and your dog will lose water more quickly than at sea level. Dehydration can worsen altitude sickness symptoms, so make sure your dog has access to clean water throughout your journey. Carry portable water bowls and stop for water breaks frequently. It’s also a good idea to bring high-energy snacks or food for your dog to keep their energy levels up, especially if they are hiking alongside you.

4. Take Frequent Breaks

Allowing plenty of breaks during your ascent is crucial for your dog. Not only does it give them time to rest and recuperate, but it also prevents overexertion, which can be dangerous at higher altitudes. Dogs can’t always tell you when they’re tired, so it’s up to you to monitor their energy levels and give them regular rests. If your dog appears tired, give them extra time to rest and breathe. It’s better to take your time than to rush, ensuring both you and your dog can safely enjoy the experience.

5. Protect Your Dog from Harsh Weather Conditions

High altitudes are often associated with extreme weather conditions, such as strong winds, cold temperatures, and intense sunlight. Bring appropriate gear for your dog, such as dog-friendly jackets or boots to protect their paws from rough terrain or snow. The sun’s rays can be stronger at high elevations, so consider using pet-safe sunscreen on areas with little fur, like their nose and ears.

6. Know When to Turn Back

One of the most important things you can do when navigating high altitudes with your dog is to know when to turn back. If your dog shows signs of altitude sickness or exhaustion, it’s better to prioritize their health and safety over completing the hike. Always err on the side of caution, and remember that there’s no harm in shortening your trip if it means keeping your dog safe. Navigating high altitudes with your dog can be a rewarding experience if done properly. By ascending slowly, watching for signs of altitude sickness, ensuring proper hydration, taking frequent breaks, and being prepared for weather changes, you can make the adventure safe and enjoyable for both you and your furry friend. With the right preparation, the mountains can be a place of beautiful shared memories, rather than potential hazards.