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Understanding Cushing’s Disease in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Cushing’s disease, also known as hyperadrenocorticism, is a common endocrine disorder in dogs. It results from prolonged exposure to excessive cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands. While this hormone is vital for managing stress and metabolism, an overproduction can lead to significant health problems. Understanding the signs, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options for Cushing’s disease is essential for ensuring your furry companion receives the best care possible.

Causes of Cushing’s Disease

There are primarily three types of Cushing’s disease in dogs:

Pituitary-Dependent Cushing’s Disease (PDH): This is the most common form, accounting for approximately 80-85% of cases. It is caused by a benign tumour in the pituitary gland, leading to excessive production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).

Adrenal-Dependent Cushing’s Disease (ADH): This occurs due to a tumour in one or both adrenal glands, causing excessive cortisol production.

Iatrogenic Cushing’s Disease: This form results from prolonged use of corticosteroid medications, which mimic the effects of cortisol.

Symptoms of Cushing’s Disease: Cushing’s disease can manifest in various ways, often gradually over time. Common symptoms include:

  • Increased thirst and urination
  • Excessive panting
  • Pot-bellied appearance
  • Hair loss or thinning coat
  • Muscle weakness
  • Lethargy
  • Skin infections and poor wound healing
  • Increased appetite

If your dog displays any of these signs, it’s crucial to consult a veterinarian for further evaluation.

Diagnosing Cushing’s Disease

Diagnosing Cushing’s disease can be challenging due to its overlapping symptoms with other conditions. A veterinarian may recommend a combination of tests, including:

Blood and Urine Tests: To assess cortisol levels and overall health.

ACTH Stimulation Test: Evaluates how the adrenal glands respond to ACTH.

Low-Dose Dexamethasone Suppression Test (LDDST): Measures cortisol response to synthetic steroids.

Ultrasound or Imaging: Helps visualize the adrenal glands and detect tumours.

Treatment Options

The choice of treatment depends on the underlying cause of Cushing’s disease. Options include:

Medications: Drugs like trilostane or mitotane can manage hormone production and control symptoms effectively.

Surgery: In cases of adrenal tumours, surgical removal may be recommended.

Radiation Therapy: This is often used for pituitary tumours when surgery is not an option.

Managing Cushing’s Disease

While Cushing’s disease is a lifelong condition, with proper management, many dogs can lead comfortable and happy lives. Regular veterinary check-ups, blood tests, and adjustments to medication dosages are essential to monitor your dog’s progress.

Early detection and treatment are key to managing Cushing’s disease effectively. By staying attentive to any changes in your dog’s behaviour or appearance, you can ensure timely intervention. Partner with your veterinarian to develop a tailored treatment plan and provide your beloved pet with the best quality of life.